The data acquisition system of the Alvand tokamak is a very old system of 32 channels. The data capacity of each channel is 2 kilobytes, altogether 64 kilobytes, which store the experimental data of selected channels in binary format. The most important deficiency of this system is the use of the CGA graphic adapter resolution of 320240× pixels of 4 bits in-depth. By considering the old graphical user interface, this deficiency has made displaying the experimental data in more detail impossible. Due to the old software used to display the experimental data, updating to an appropriate graphical environment, that can display the data on a typical modern computer at this laboratory, is necessary. For this purpose, a software package was developed to speed up the data analysis of experiments. The core of this package includes 400 lines and the graphical user interface consists of 3000 lines of Matlab code.

Geothermobarometry equations are based on thermodynamic principles and appear in single or multi-variant functions. The number of variants for a specific composition or reaction usually is reduced into 2 involving temperature (T) and pressure (P). Since most of planned equations have two passive or variant P and T, using these equations should be with special care. It is very effective to use graphical method to apply geothermobarometry functions. Graphical method is a fundamental way to solve the math functions. In the graphical method two consistent geothermobarometry equations, which both have at least one share variant (P or T), are selected in order to achieve P and T. These selected equations should be applicable for the same reaction or rock. In this method selected thermobarometry equations are drawn on a P-T diagram and then intersection point of them which introduces asked temperature and pressure will be obtained.One of the most common geothermobarometry equations, suitable for intermediate magmatic rocks, is amphibole-plagioclase thermometry and amphibole barometry. APG software program introduced in this paper is specialized and designed for calculating equilibrium temperature and pressure of amphibole and plagioclase within an igneous rock. In this software program, Pressure and temperature are estimated coincidently based on the graphical method.

In this research using a digital camera, a PC and a graphical software; a simple and low cost method for the evaluation of colour of food materials is introduced. Analysis of digital pictures of the surface of samples can give L, a, b Hunter colour parameters and colour distribution. Drying of Kabkaab rutab in a range of temperatures (56, 66 76, 86 and 96oC) and times using a cabinet drier was investigated. colour changes of the dried samples and the control were evaluated by analysing the digital pictures of the samples and showed that increase of temperature and time caused a systematic reduction of L, a, and b values. Taken into account colour changes of the samples and their drying rates at different temperatures, the drying temperature of 76oC seemed to be the best condition for drying of Kabkaab rutab.

Let R be a commutative ring and I an ideal of R. The zero-divisor graph of R with respect to I, denoted by GI (R), is the simple graph whose vertex set is {xÎR\I | xyÎI, for some yÎR\I}, with two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xyÎI. In this paper, we state a relation between zero-divisor graph of R with respect to an ideal and almost prime ideals of R. We then use this result to give a graphical characterization for SPAP-rings.

Introduction Graphical mixture models provide a powerful tool to visually depict the conditional independence relationships between high-dimensional heterogeneous data. In the study of graphical mixture models, the distribution of the mixture components is mostly considered multivariate normal with different covariance matrices. The resulting model is the Gaussian graphical mixture model (GGMM). The nonparanormal graphical mixture model (NGMM) has been introduced by replacing the normal assumption with a semiparametric Gaussian copula, which extends the nonparanormal graphical model and mixture models. This study proposes clustering based on NGMM under two forms of ℓ, 1 penalty functions. Its performance is compared with clustering based on GGMM, in terms of cluster reconstruction and parameters estimation. Material and Methods The clustering based on NGMM is performed via a penalized EM algorithm under conventional and unconventional forms of ℓ, 1 penalty functions (denoted by NGMM0 and NGMM1, respectively) and its performance over Gaussian and non-Gaussian simulated data sets are compared with the Gaussian ones (represented by GGMM0 and GGMM1, respectively). Along with the conventional ℓ, 1 penalty, an alternative, unconventional penalty term is considered, which depends on the mixture proportions. Thus, the choice of mixture model distribution (Gaussian or nonparanormal) along with the choice of penalty function has emerged as the primary key of comparison. To better compare the studied methods in terms of robustness against outliers, we considered deterministic and random contamination mechanisms. The proposed methodology is applied to Wisconsin diagnostic breast cancer data set to diagnose malignant or benign cancer patients. Results and Discussion The results of the simulation study on normal and nonparanormal datasets in ideal and noisy settings, as well as the application of breast cancer data set, showed that clustering approaches based on NGMM (NGMM0 and NGMM1) are more efficient and robust in the recovery of true cluster assignments than the clustering based on GGMM (GGMM0 and GGMM1), whereas, the unconventional PMLEs (GGMM1 and NGMM1) are more efficient in estimating the elements of precision matrices than the conventional PMLEs (GGMM0 and NGMM0). Conclusion The performance of clustering methods depends on the choice of penalty function and model selection, such that the combination of the nonparanormal graphical mixture model and the penalty term depending on the mixing proportions (NGMM1) is more accurate than Gaussian ones in terms of cluster reconstruction and parameters estimation.

Nonlinear analyses allow simulating, in a more realistic way, the behaviour of structures subjected to several types of complex loading conditions such as earthquakes. However, it is recognized that these analyses normally generate a considerable amount of results, a factor that difficult its interpretation. Over the last years, considerable progresses have been made in structural nonlinear behaviour modeling, associated to the fast growing development of numerical algorithms and computer capacities. Therefore, a number of computational analysis tools have been developed to meet the analysis requirements from the behavior viewpoint. However, a similar growth in the development of graphical results visualization tools has not been witnessed and the generalized use of such analysis programs is thus made difficult. To face this, a graphical processor called VISUALANL was developed for an existing nonlinear analysis program for plane frame structures. To observe the potentialities of such tool, an application example is presented illustrating both previously referred stages.

Graphical passwords are the ways in which user click on the image or user can select the image to authenticate themselves instead of giving passwords. This technique is more secure that textual password techniques. In this article, the shoulder surfing preventive mechanism of graphical password authentication is given. Finally the login password system is proposed to deal with such type of problems. First time, we are introducing a modified approach is given to resolve the shoulder surfing based on recall and recognition based concepts. Usually it is seen that the most common vulnerability of graphical password is shoulder surfing attack. This research aims to analyze the usability feature of recognition based and recall based graphical password methods and present a technique to apply an image based password that is safe from the shoulder surfing attack. In the similar context, the purpose of this paper is to present an alternative way to apply the recall and recognition based technique that will be protective for guess through shoulder surfing. And this graphical technique will be easy to memories the authentication password and process of authentication.